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Advice for Pregnany to Parenting

Filed under: Parenting — admin @ 4:03 pm
Baby Bath Baby Original offers free advice for expecting parents and supporting family and friends. Main topical sections include pediatrician care, parenting, grandparenting, motherhood fitness and health, and social issues including pets, siblings, and schooling.

Bathing Your Baby

Most babies come home from the hospital with remnants of the umbilical cord still attached to the belly button, or the umbilicus. Until this falls off give your baby only sponge baths. Clean the navel area twice a day or so with a cotton swab dipped in antiseptic. Do this gently but thoroughly, making sure to get to the base of the cord stump. Watch for yellow matter, a sort of “weeping” that may develop, and for redness. These are signs of possible infection-notify your doctor if they persist. Keeping the top edges of the baby’s diaper folded down below the navel will help to keep the area dry. When the cord falls off, usually within ten days to two weeks after the baby’s birth, it is not unusual for a few drops of blood to be left on the navel. No bandage, binding, or tape is required. If the umbilicus doesn’t dry up in a few days after the cord comes off, an umbilical granuloma may be present. This is a little nubbin of tissue in the umbilicus at the junction of the old cord and the new skin. Your doctor can remedy the situation easily at the baby’s first checkup. If there is much bleeding or a foul odor coming from the cord, consult your doctor earlier for any special instructions needed.

For a sponge bath, you will need a warm, draft free room, a basin of lukewarm water, and two big towels-one to bathe the baby on, and the other to wrap him in after the bath. If your baby cries when totally undressed, give him a bath in stages, removing only part of the clothing at one time. Many babies love the feeling of being totally naked, though and enjoy waving their arms and legs about freely. You don’t really need soap for a newborn, some parents don’t use it for several months. If you can’t bring yourself from skipping it altogether, use very little because soap will dry up your baby’s delicate skin. Ordinary scented soap may trigger an allergic reaction, and it will disguise the wonderful “baby smell” that lets everyone in the house know that an infant is present.

Infants do not need to be bathed every day. The diaper area is of course, cleaned frequently, and two or three full baths a week are sufficient.

Diapering and Dressing

Personalized Baby Gifts You’ll probably feel a little awkward and clumsy the first few times you diaper and dress your baby, but with a little practice, you’ll be handling him with ease and confidence. Use a waist high table of some kind even for a tiny baby so you won’t have backaches. An old dresser with a pad on top will now, but modern changing tables have built-in safety straps to hold your baby when he is old enough to squirm and resist. If you use disposables, diapering is almost automatic: lay the baby on the diaper, fold the front half of the diaper up over the baby and fasten it with the convenient attached tapes. [Those tapes sometimes tear, instead of throwing a diaper away, mend it with masking tape.] To keep wetness from soaking into outer clothing, use disposables with elasticized legs and turn the plastic top of the diaper to the inside. A cloth diaper can be given a figure eight twist at the crotch for both double thickness and a tighter fit. Pin the back of the diaper over the front, slipping one or two fingers between the cloth and the baby’s skin to keep the pin from sticking the baby. Use a pincushion or bar of soap to hold diaper pins [do not use ordinary safety pins, and keep them out of the baby’s reach] Never hold pins in your mouth. Whichever kind of diaper you use, lay an extra one over your baby boy to avoid being squirted while you change him.

The kinds of clothing you select for your baby will reflect your own taste and inclinations. Some parents are willing to spend the extra time necessary to iron natural-fiber, woven- fabric because they like the look of a dressed up baby; others opt for simple knit clothing that needs little care. Whichever kind of clothing you prefer, look for garments that will be easy for you to put on and take off the baby-those with few, if any buttons, necklines with large enough openings to fit easily over the baby’s head, and sturdy crotch fasteners that make diaper changing easier.

Lobster & Crab

Filed under: Foods — admin @ 4:02 pm
Lobster Lobsters (Homarus americanus) are caught from the ocean floor. Studies have shown that early juveniles prefer rocky, cobbled bottoms, while adults are generally regarded as relatively solitary, highly migratory animals. A lobster grows by moulting, or shedding, its shell; this occurs about 25 times during the first five years of life, increasing the lobster’s size 20 per cent each time. After a moult, which usually takes place in the summer, the lobster is soft-shelled and filled with the seawater it has absorbed in the process.Up to two months passes before the water is replaced by new lobster flesh. As the shell hardens in the cold waters of the North Atlantic, the lobster acquires a denser, fuller feel, giving the meat the texture and taste that consumers prefer. It takes five years for a lobster to grow to one pound and up to 20 years for it to reach four pounds.

Lobsters are most abundant off the coasts of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Gulf of Maine. They’re harvested and processed in the three Maritime provinces, Newfoundland and Quebec. Landings peak twice a year, once from April to June, when the spring season opens, and again in December, after the winter fishery starts in southwestern Nova Scotia.

Atlantic Canada’s staggered fishing seasons are designed to protect the stock, and the waters are divided into 41 lobster fishing areas, each with its own season varying in length from eight weeks to eight months. This seasonal effort is complemented by new and innovative holding and processing techniques. Most of the lobster fishery takes place fairly close to shore, but a few vessels fish the deep basins and outer banks off southwestern Nova Scotia. Five provinces participate in the catch, with Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island accounting for 90 per cent of lobster landings and Quebec and Newfoundland making up the remaining 10 per cent. Currently, there are about 9,000 licensed lobster fishermen, of which nearly 3,000 are in Nova Scotia.

Licensed lobster fishermen-usually a captain and two or three crew members-set their traps from small boats, heading out on the water in the early hours of the morning and staying out for up to 12 hours. The brightly coloured buoys mark the areas where they leave their traps. They return several hours later to haul up the wooden-frame or plastic-coated steel-mesh traps from the sea floor.

In Prince Edward Island, lobster has been the mainstay of the economy since the fishery began in the mid-1870s, although it almost died in its infancy. In the mid-1880s-only 10 years after the boom began-over-fishing drove the stocks to dangerously low levels, and the fishery faced ruin. It was saved by a combination of regulation, co-operation and luck.

Commercial canning helped the lobster fishery flourish in all parts of the Maritimes. The first known cannery opened on Prince Edward Island in 1858. Within 25 years, thanks to the lobster fishery, the number of Island canneries had risen to more than 100, and the lobster fishery accounted for 25 per cent of the province’s income. Without canning, the lobster would never have found its way to lucrative markets in Great Britain and the United States, where it was considered a delicacy.

The success and prosperity of the present-day lobster fishery is evident in towns and villages across the Maritimes. It challenges the stereotype of hardscrabble life in a fishing village. Inevitably there has been controversy about the control of licenses, fishing seasons and the number of traps in a given area. In 1999, the New Brunswick community of Burnt Church became a hotbed of tension between native and non-native lobster fishermen. The native fishermen were exercising their treaty right to set lobster traps throughout the year, regardless of the season. During the often violent demonstrations, non-native fishermen destroyed native traps, fish plants, boats and equipment.

A moratorium helped defuse the trouble, and in 2002, the federal government released a report aimed at preventing more conflict. It recommended that all charges stemming from the confrontation be dropped and that Ottawa should compensate the fishermen for their lost traps and boats. It also recommended that native fishermen adhere to the same season as nonnatives, meaning they would be banned from fishing lobster in the fall.

Traditionally, live lobsters are held in poundslarge, fenced areas of the ocean-but recently, huge dry-land holding facilities pioneered in Atlantic Canada have made possible a threemillion-pound live inventory of the region’s best lobsters. As a result, international buyers can get a year-round supply of the top-quality Canadian crustaceans. Lobster is Canada’s most valuable seafood export, contributing as much as $1 billion in export sales each year.

Larger lobsters generally are sold in the fresh, live market where they command top prices, while smaller ones are cooked and either frozen whole or shelled for meat. Most of the lobsters caught in the waters of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Quebec go to the live market, which means consumers can select and buy them from tanks in grocery stores, fish markets or directly from fishermen at the wharf.

Clearwater Seafoods, a Nova Scotia company, has become almost synonymous with lobster. In 1976, it started out as a small, local distributor, with two co-owners running the business out of a pickup truck. They quickly developed a strategy and infrastructure for storing lobsters and distributing to markets worldwide. From their company headquarters in Bedford they started shipping planeloads of live lobster to destinations in Europe and the United States. The company has joined forces with the government to ensure the responsible management of lobster stocks. It is also dedicated to putting new and improved technology in place.

In Arichat, Cape Breton, one million lobsters can be found resting in “private apartments,” where temperatures are maintained just above the freezing mark. This hi-tech Clearwater facility is designed to store lobsters for long periods of time. Tricked into thinking it’s always winter, they don’t moult when summer arrives and continue to grow and mature in the safety of their compartment. Sixty people work in the plant, sometimes around the clock. At times, the volume of lobsters arriving in a single day can reach 100,000.

Sold live, cooked, frozen and canned to consumers in more than 55 countries around the world, lobster is one of the exports most closely associated with Canada. Almost every part of a lobster can be used in some culinary way, except for the digestive tract, the antennae and mouth parts. The empty shells can be used in bisques or for lobster au gratin; the green tomalley that fills the cooked body cavity is excellent in spreads, sauces, dips and butters; and the roe-the red unfertilized eggs-is also very tasty.

Served hot, lobster meat adds richness to casseroles, stir-fries, stuffings, sauces, bisques, omelettes, souffles, quiches and many other dishes. Cold, it’s wonderful in salads, hors d’oeuvres and the famous East Coast lobster roll. The recipes in this book range from Lobster and Potato Salad to Huron County Lobster Chowder, to Barbecued Lobster with Red Pepper and Lime Butter.

Lobster meat is an excellent source of protein, more healthful than hamburger and nearly fatfree-as long as it’s not dipped in drawn butter. It contains many minerals and vitamins, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, which help reduce the risk of heart attack.

Traditional lobster suppers are perhaps most popular throughout Prince Edward Island, although they also are held in many other Atlantic Canadian communities. At these suppers, which are generally held from early June to mid-October, a succulent whole, cooked lobster is served in its shell, often with a sided ish of seafood chowder, a freshly baked roll, salad and a dessert, such as blueberry pie. Diners indulge in the ritual art of extracting cooked lobster from the shell. This takes some practice and is messy enough to require a bib and several napkins. After a few attempts, one gets the hang of using a lobster cracker and a pick to pry and pul! out the meat. And after the first taste, most aficionados never let a summer go by without one communal lobster supper.

This resource also includes recipes for other favourite Canadian shellfish, including the various species of crab. On the East Coast, the most popular is the Atlantic snow crab (Chionoecetes opifio), which is occasionally called spider crab or queen crab. Only the males are harvested because females never exceed the legal minimum size. As with the lobster fishery, the government carefully regulates the number of licenses and fishing seasons. Atlantic snow crab and rock crab (Cancer irrovatus) are harvested in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and off Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland, forming a lucrative fishing and processing industry.

Most common to the Pacific West Coast is the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and the King crab (Paralithodes camtschatica), the patriarch of the crab family, which is sometimes called the Alaska king crab. Dungeness crabs are found from Alaska to California, and this fishery has an important economic impact on Vancouver Island and its surrounding areas. Crabs are marketed whole, live or cooked. Alternatively, crab meat is sold in cans or frozen packages.

Mussels, clams and scallops are small edible shellfish found in most fish markets. Aquaculture of mussels has been a high-growth industry in the Atlantic region, particularly in Prince Edward Island. Today the province produces more than 80 per cent of the mussel landings in Canada, contributes about $50 million to the provincial economy and employs about 1,500 Islanders.

These bivalves grow on long lines suspended in the water and are harvested in winter and spring when the flesh is in its best form. They’re sold live, and the shells can be lightly tapped before cooking to make sure that the mussel closes tightly, indicating that it is alive. It is recommended never to cook and eat any that are not alive, and to discard any that gape open or have broken shells.

Clams, like mussels, are sold live in the shell, or uncooked and shucked in plastic containers. Processed clams are also readily available in cans. The Nova Scotia soft-shell clam (Mya aremaria) and the hard-shell quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) are the most prized. On the West Coast, the manila clam (Tapes piiippinarum) and the littleneck clam (Protoaca staminea) are most frequently harvested in the wild or farmed.

One of the most succulent shellfish species is the sea scallop (Piacopecten mageiianicus), which is found along the eastern North Atlantic, from the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence to northern Newfoundland and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The ivory to pinkish-white meat is the adductor muscle that holds the shell together. Since scallops survive for only a short time out of the water, they must be shucked after harvesting and sold fresh or frozen. The term “scallop” shouldn’t be confused with the American bay scallop (Argopecten irradians), which also is found in Atlantic waters, but is much smaller.

Pacific Coast scallops include spiny scallops (Ch/amys hastate) and pink scallops (Ch/amys rubida). Found mainly on the west coast of Vancouver Island and in the Strait of Georgia, these smaller species range in colour from ivory to pinkish-white or pale golden brown. Their texture is similar to sea scallops and their flavour is both sweet and briny. Most scallops are harvested in the wild; however, scientists on both coasts are studying how to farm them through aquaculture.

There are many shrimp species on the market today, and they come in several different sizes and from numerous sources. They are harvested wild and also raised in shrimp farms. Shrimp, also known as prawns, are available fresh, frozen, cooked and raw, as well as shelled, unshelled and canned. They range in size from a tiny salad shrimp to jumbo shrimp and take very little time to cook.

The recipes in this revised edition of Lobster, which have been provided by talented chefs from across Canada, are for a wide range of rich and mouthwatering crab, lobster, clam, mussel, shrimp and scallop dishes. Thanks to innovations in delivering fresh shellfish, freezing and canning, they can be prepared throughout the year. While lobster remains the biggest crowd pleaser, all of the dishes featured in this book celebrate the gourmet rewards of the sea.

Bereavement & Sympathy

Filed under: Interment — admin @ 4:01 pm
Military Cemetery One of the most difficult tasks in life is holding a funeral or memorial service for a loved one. Unfortunately, they are inevitable. Yet, many of us never talk about how we want to be memorialized. Let’s face it: death is a difficult and emotional subject. There are so many uncertainties about it that we allow ourselves to avoid the discussion. When tragedy strikes, the experience can be so much more overwhelming, especially if the loved one is younger. Here are so helpful ideas to make the experience less stressful and more healing.

If you feel up to it, take full charge of the event yourself. Many families who do this, report that this choice is very healing. If you feel too overwhelmed enlist the help of some close friends. This will help them in their grieving process as well. Allow family members and friends to use their talents.

Many services with which I have been involved have been celebrations of life. Friends and families share their stories and memories to the group. These words will fill the hearts of the attendees and remain with them much more than the words of an unfamiliar minister or funeral official. Humorous stories almost always find their way into the service. This is how we want to remember those who we love. We want to feel joy and happiness about their lives. We want to hear how they touched the lives of others. There is something comforting about hearing an entertaining anecdote and being able to chuckle, “That’s Uncle Ted.” Sure, we’re sad. We will miss their presence in our lives, but creating these memories allows us to feel their presence in our lives always.

Create a collage. Find posters, movies, ticket stubs, photographs, artwork, anything and everything personal to your loved one. Many families find it healing to get the whole family together and put together a photo album. Other families use computer software and create photo or video shows. These can even be easily transferred to DVD or video tape and shared with others. Or they can be put up onto personal web pages. A couple of popular places to memorialize loved ones are AOL and Myspace.com.

Along with a collage, families often find it comforting to share personal artwork or writing. You can even create a soundtrack of your loved one’s life. Finding one’s favorite music and putting together a personal album can get very involved. This, again, offers an opportunity for people to use their creativity. All of these things can be easily reproduced and distributed.

A lot of people are going to offer you their help. They want to do their part in helping memorialize someone who has touched their lives. A gift you can give those people is set up a memorial fund or scholarship. Donate it to a cause that was meaningful to your loved one. There are many organizations that serve the community through donations. This is a great way to allow the spirit of your loved one to live on and touch more lives. It doesn’t place a great burden on any one individual, and it becomes a big gift.

Another type of project with which I have personally been involved is a service project. Maybe your loved one was an animal lover. You can get a group to volunteer with a local animal shelter or zoo. Hospitals, shelters, missions, blood banks, and many other organizations thrive on the voluntary support of community members.

A few final notes: you are under no obligation to hold services immediately after your loss. Many people report that they feel like they have to rush right into funeral services. This is not true. The memorial service is for you and your friends. You are going to feel such an array of emotions. Some days will be better than others. Let the activities leading up to the actual service be an opportunity to experience some healing. Also, make the service meaningful for you. Any old minister or funeral director can go through the pomp and circumstance of a funeral service. Only those truly closest to you and your family can make it a meaningful experience.

Chinese Food & Asian Cuisine

Filed under: Foods — admin @ 4:00 pm
Chinese Food Chinese cooking has always been closely linked to the vegetarian way of eating Vegetables in China, because of its climate, are easily grown, and therefore plentiful Culturally, Taoism and Buddhism have further added a tradition of cooking without meat to the Chinese way of life.

Happily, the Chinese have made a virtue of cooking with vegetables. With ingenuity and thousands of years of refining their cooking style, they have transformed grains, beans, and vegetables into a cuisine with almost infinite subtle variations of taste and color. Their primary cooking methods, stir-frying and steaming, are ideally suited to vegetables, for they allow them to retain their flavor, nutrients, texture, and color in the final dish. The Chinese employ this benefit further by taking extreme care with presentation, using the colors and textures of the ingredients to enhance the presentation of their dishes. A relatively simple recipe such as Snow Peas and Carrots with Ginger combines contrasting textures and colors with fragrant ginger in a light sweet-sour sauce to produce a dish that is as pleasing to the rye as it is to the palate. In addition, through deft use of sauces and spices, Chinese cooking can transform basic ingredients such as eggplant and cabbage into any number of dishes-spicy, mild, sweet and sour, pungent. The results, so different each time, reflect the multiplicity of influences that have made Chinese cooking so fascinating and endlessly enjoyable to cooks all over the world.

Chinese cooking has been called exotic, different, difficult. It is exotic and different to the uneducated Western palate, but exotic in the most pleasurable of ways. It ranks as one of the great cuisines of the world, so anyone who is even generally interested in food would be remiss in overlooking Chinese cooking. Mastering it need not be difficult and in fact, the basic techniques of Chinese cooking are relatively easy to learn. The most common method of cooking is stir-frying, and that holds few mysteries: it is simply quick cooking over very high heat.

This guide is for the beginner, although the more practiced Chinese cook will also find many recipes to enjoy. The range of recipes runs from very straightforward, such as Stir-fried Asparagus, to more complex dishes like Fourcolor Shui Mai, and wherever possible I’ve emphasized those recipes that are easy to prepare in the Western kitchen. If you haven’t cooked with a wok before, read through Chapter 1 for information on equipment and the techniques of stir-frying and steaming. This chapter also includes a glossary of the main ingredients I use in the recipes; a second glossary at the end of the book covers some of the less-essential vegetables, beans, spices, and oils. Wherever possible I have included suggestions for substitutions for ingredients that may be hard to find, and added a list of mail order sources of supply for equipment and ingredients. The menu guide at the back of the book will help you plan everything from an everyday meal to an array of party dishes.

I do not use monosodium glutamate or other artificial additives because properly cooked Chinese foods simply do not need artificial enhancement I have substituted vegetable stock for chicken stock as a vegetarian variation on some traditionally meat-based soups and sauces. Although honey is generally not used in Chinese kitchens, I have shown it as an alternative to sugar, which many people prefer to avoid.

It is a pleasure to bring you this selection of Chinese recipes; I hope they will bring you as much enjoyment as they have me.

Chinese Food Simplicity

Chinese Food Many people appear to have the impression that it is necessary to use a great many rare and exotic materials and ingredients in Chinese cooking. This is not so at all. The food materials used in Chinese cooking are for all practical purposes the same as those used in the Western style (the exceptions which exist merely prove the rule). As for flavoring and seasoning ingredients, so long as you have soy sauce, which is obtainable almost anywhere these days, you can cook Chinese. All the other ingredients and seasonings used are similar to or the same as those normally used in Western cooking, such as salt, pepper, chili powder, mustard, garlic, onion, spring onion (scallion), parsley, chives. An exception such as root ginger can be replaced by chopped lemon- or orange-peel shavings.

Some other ingredients and seasonings which would be useful to have around when you intend to cook Chinese include:

  • Cornstarch
  • Dry sherry
  • Tabasco
  • Tomato sauce or tomato puree
  • Gelatin
  • Pickles and chutneys
  • Beef and chicken stock cubes or powder

If convenience foods or frozen foods are admissible in good Western cooking, they can certainly also be incorporated in good Chinese cooking, provided they are pepped up with a proportion of fresh foods at crucial points in the process.

Stir-frying

Stir Fry Stir-frying, the most common of all methods of Chinese cooking, uses very high temperatures to cook chopped or diced ingredients rapidly in a small amount of fat or oil.

You don’t have to have a wok; you can use a cast iron skillet for stir-frying.

Begin by putting your wok (or skillet) on a burner and turning the heat to medium-high or high, depending on your stove, until it begins to smoke. In a couple of minutes the wok will be hot enough to add the little oil called for in the recipe.

At this point, any seasonings are added to flavor the oil-sliced ginger root, garlic, onions, dried chili peppers, and the like. Then start adding the ingredients as detailed in the recipe and cook for the minute or two or three noted, stirring and tossing constantly with a spatula and cooking spoon to make sure the food is cooked evenly and does not burn or stick to the pan. Then remove the wok from the burner and take the food from the wok. Vegetables tend to continue cooking in their own heat so remove them from the wok when they’re a bit crunchier than you really want.

Because the food cooks so quickly, it is important to organize all your ingredients-have the vegetables chopped or diced, the sauce mixed and stirred, and all the other ingredients measured, chopped, and prepared–close at hand before heating the ‘wok. Once you have begun stir-frying, there won’t be time to stop and go back to complete a forgotten step because you must keep the food moving from the moment you add it to the wok. I find it helpful to have every ingredient ready in a separate cup or small bowl and line these on the counter next to the stove, or on a tray, in the order in which they will be used. That way I can be sure I haven’t missed something; and I have tried to organize the recipes that follow so you can do this too.

Dog Training & Care

Filed under: Dogs — admin @ 3:59 pm
Dogs Your puppy has arrived. Be he dalmatian or dachshund, bulldog or beagle, he is fat, unsteady on his feet, and probably inclined to bewail his absent mother and generally gloomy outlook on life with heartrending whimpers which soon rise to a series of shrill yells that ‘disturb the family and the neighbors, This is a perfectly natural if somewhat disagreeable habit of eight-weeks-old puppies, so even at this early stage of the game you have an opportunity to prove your fitness as a dog trainer by exercising patience and self-control. Do not apply the flat of your hand nor a stick of kindling wood or an apple switch to the pup; do not, in these first days, even speak harshly to him or do anything else that will jar on his nervous system and thereby increase his unhappy mood. Instead, divert his mind by play, food and a comfortable place to sleep, and as the novelty of the strange situation wears off; so the pup’s wailing will gradually decrease in frequency and volume.

Spend as much time as possible with the youngster, of course allowing him to sleep undisturbed as much and as often 80S he will, for the sooner you gain an insight into his particular individuality the better. Watch the pup intelligently and you will see gradually developing traits and peculiarities-inquisitiveness, boldness or shrinking at sudden sounds and new sights, etc. - a knowledge of which will be of great value later on. Nor is this close association advised merely that the work of teaching may be made easier and more successful through an understanding of the pupil’s personality: it will also tend to stimulate and increase very materially the intelligence with which the dog is endowed by nature.

If the pup is inclined to be timid, take especial pains not to let him be frightened in any way whatever. A young puppy is extremely impressionable, and a severe fright will have a far more lasting effect on him than most people imagine. Do not, on the other hand, make a. mollycoddle of the youngster; simply accustom him by slow degrees, always showing him that he is under your protection, to those sights, sounds and experiences which he does not understand.

Probably, if yours is a normal, healthy pup of any of the more active breeds, he will, at the age of nine or ten weeks, show a propensity to worry, tear and chew curtains, shoestrings, and anything else soft and dangling that is within reach. This is but the awakening of that instinct which in a natural state makes a dog’s jaws and teeth his most valuable assets, so do not lose patience. On the principle that “out of sight is out of mind” remove either the temptation or the dog. If this does not suffice, and the habit grows worse, catch the pup in the act and, tapping him on the side of the jaw hard enough to make him look up in surprise, sharply order “Stop it!” A few repetitions of this will suffice to impress the youngster with the meaning of the words.

As the puppy grows older he will in -nine cases out of a hundred lose interest in the tearing game. U ntil then,” merely curb the desire instead of trying to beat it out of him; for it has its bright side inasmuch as it is an indication of the spirit which the adult dog will possess. It is an old saying among bird-dog men that the more a pup tries to tear tbings the more spirited, ambitious and valuable he will become when mature-a principle which bolds good with other breeds.

With the exception Qf the one order mentioned above, and another lesson to be mentioned presently, do not undertake any real and consistent discipline until your dog is at least four months old. The brain of a pup of but ten or twelve weeks is too undeveloped to comprehend the why and the wherefore of regular training, and it should not be taxed with remembering more than a very few things. But, even if the dog is not to be kept regularly in the house, it is quite essential that you take up at an early age the matter of house breaking.

Home Remedies with Herbs & Plants

Filed under: Health — admin @ 3:56 pm
Papaya Green Papaya lists 240 of the most medically useful plants in North America… there are at least a thousand other species whose reputed virtues equal these initial few but we needed to start some place… and so we did.

Although previously mentioned, it is desirable again to point out that many plants have been omitted which, though medicinally valuable, are too poisonous to be considered as home medicines. Others are of questionable value. Nor has it been possible to tell here about the medical flora of the great Southwest or of California, which differ greatly from the common flora of East, South, and Midwest.

It is hardly a deep excursion into the science of botany to point out that all plants belong to families. The knowledge of plant families may seem unimportant to the amateur herbalist, and yet it may be helpful to know relationships. For instance, if you know that a particular plant belongs to the Mint family you could assume it is aromatic; to the Cashew family, that the plant might be poisonous; to the Composite family, that the flower is daisylike.

The line illustrations are intended partly for identification but mostly as a reminder of some of the characteristics of leaf and flower.

We have in this country a great variety of good medicinal plants which may be administered to the people with great advantage, if properly adapted to the season, age, and constitution of the patient… If their virtues were well known… then those very herbs or roots, I suppose, might continue or increase their reputation.John Bartram - Philadelphia, 1751 in an introduction to a work by Thomas Short

To provide a measure of uniformity, the nomenclature throughout is that of Gray’s Manual of Botany, eighth edition, except where the plants have fallen out of the range of that book; in those cases reliable regional authorities were consulted. Set on separate lines, the botanical name is shown in boldface italics; the family name in caps and small caps; the common name in italics.

The remembrance of these astounding folk discoveries… should sober our thoughts when we criticise too freely the old pharmacopoeias. It is easy to make fun of medieval recipes: it is more difficult and may be wiser to investigate them. Instead of assuming that the medieval pharmacist was a benighted foot we might wonder whether there was not sometimes a justification for his strange procedure.George Sartori, Harvard Professor and Author

Papaya DISCLAIMER: Green Papaya offers Home Remedies with specific annotations to health and well-being. Such remedy advices are offered as emergency first aid and are governed by the Good Samaritan Act. Under the common ‘Good Samaritan laws’ - “a citizen is obliged to provide first aid when necessary and is immune from prosecution if assistance given in good faith turns out to be harmful”. Within our developing “wireless world” there comes a time when the only immediate assistance is that offered through the Internet. Green Papaya therefore feels that obligation and thereby offers this resource of Home Remedies as necessary.

Green Papaya’s home remedies are meant for temporary relief and first aid measures; for the average person without any special needs or uncommon or compounding medical conditions. Green Papaya’s advice, regardless of the situation, IS NOT a replacement for professional care and consultation. Please consultant with your family doctor or any emergency service immediately.

Preparing Plants for Medicinal Use

Medicinal Plants

It is medicine, not scenery, for which a sick man must go a-searching.Seneca, Episiolae Civ. 18

Consideration of the use of wild plants as medicine must include a few words on collecting and preparing the plants. The freshness of herbs is related to potency, as is also the time of year when each plant or plant part is gathered and processed.

Collecting Plants

Primarily it should be understood that an armamentarium of drugs cannot be acquired on one trip nor at one season. The plants whose medicinal values are confined to the root system will usually be most potent in the spring before much growth takes place; the properties of bark will be available when the plant is in an active growing state; buds, which are often highly potent, can only be obtained in the spring; pollen will be obtainable only during a short season; the strength of drugs obtained from leaves and stem tips will probably be best when the plants are just about to come into flower; and seeds of value as medicine obviously can only be obtained when the fruit ripens. Hence, those who wish to secure and prepare their own plant medicines must get out in the open the year around.

The collection of plants will have values other than that of healthful tramping in the woods. It will sharpen your senses, for plant gathering requires the use of the eyes for keen observation, and your senses of smell and taste. It is probable that the professional herb gatherers of the Blue Ridge Mountains depend a great deal on finding the plants through smell and the completion of certification by tasting. Thus is sharpened those senses otherwise too often neglected.

Another observation which the searching herbalist is apt to find interesting is the extent to which there is an effect of soil and climate on the potency of drugs. Present-day botanical explorers and herbalists of earlier generations are agreed that specimens of the same plant grown in different localities will vary infinitely in the proportions of the medicinal principles yielded. The ability of plants of any kind to secure mineral properties from the soil or rocks on which they grow is remarkable. As proof, taste the difference in apples from, say, the state of Washington against those from the rocky soils of the Hudson Valley or Vermont. Or consider the different tastes of wines pressed from the same varieties of grapes, but grown on different soils; differences, for instance, such as one will find between some of the merely palatable California wines, as related to many of the flavorful wines from mineral-rich soils of New York’s Lake district.

Similarly, there are also identifiable differences between plants growing wild in the natural humus of the woods, and those same plants transplanted and grown in a garden with chemical fertilizers.

Basically the successful gathering of herbs is dependent on correct identification of the plant desired. Here one may have to rely on knowing friends or go on the collecting trip armed with a well-keyed floral guide to the region. Professional herb gatherers of the Appalachians and other sections accumulate their knowledge from childhood, while even botanists who work with plants all their lives are puzzled at times by the members of one or another genus; hence the amateur should not feel discouraged in his hunt for, and identification of, some of the herbs he will need. If at all in doubt about the plant, let the decision be negative, until an expert can decide.

Having identified the plant, the collector must then be certain that he knows which part of the plant is used for medicinal purposes. There is small use in collecting whole plants if only the roots are used, nor is conservation served by digging up the roots of a plant when only the leaves are needed. Consult Chapter V for specific gathering and identification information on over 160 plants.

Patent Medicine Era

Patent Medicine Some Americans who appreciated the combination of Indian and Colonial herb practice wrote about it. One such, Dr. Samuel Thomson (1769 - 1843) of New Hampshire, in 1822 produced an 800-page manual at the then almost prohibitive price of $20.00.

Dr. Thomson is worth more than passing mention. He was not a quack; although self-taught, his prescriptions were so useful that they were widely copied. In 1813, having found certain compounds of plant medicines valuable in easily diagnosed circumstances, he had them patented, and thus started the vogue for patent medicines. This patenting, he claimed, was not for personal profit nor credit, but to protect the public from the misrepresentations of his imitators.

It can easily be understood that a doctor without credentials in the early nineteenth century (or in any century for that matter) would be a thorn in the side of the graduates of medical schools, and Dr. Thomson’s life was filled with litigations. But, curiously, the years seemed to have justified his beliefs. For example, one claim made by the doctor was for the peculiar efficacy of Lobelia inflata, a plant which soon appeared in the United States Pharmacopoeia and has remained a reputable drug until the present time. In fact, of 65 major plants from which his medicines were compounded, at least 50 species are still valued.

Returning from Washington with his patent, Dr. Thomson stopped in Philadelphia to discuss his ideas with Dr. Rush, and especially with Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton (1766 - 1815), a physician and scientist who had written Materia Medica of the United States. It is from a work such as his that we know a great deal of the Indian medical lore.

The successes of Thomson and the writings of Barton and others focused public interest on medically useful American plants. Soon there appeared other works on the subject, some scientifically founded, others purely popular. Of the former, notable was Good’s Family Flora, which was issued in parts (as was the custom of the time), by Peter P. Good of Elizabethtown, New Jersey. Another was The Complete Herbalist, or The People Their Own Physicians By The Use Of Nature’s Remedies, by Dr. O. Phelps Brown of Jersey City, New Jersey.

The circulation of such writings stimulated the use of plant drugs, but there were few sources for their purchase in quantity, except as people went into the woods themselves or grew the plants in their gardens. For a good description of the gathering of medicinal herbs by settlers in isolated areas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we turn again to an article by Joseph Chase Allen, September 1, 1961, in the Martha’s Vineyard Gazette.

Not quite all the herbs they collected were to be found in the swamps … The thoroughwort, still heavy with its greenish-white blooms, kidney wort, with its pink clusters, and bloodwort, also pink, these were to be found rooted in the soft, black mud … Celandine, with its tiny orange trumpets, grew almost in the water … and withe-wood, the bark of which was saved and dried for the annual spring tonic. Long before sulphur was available, the rude forefathers of the hamlet had mixed up pulverized withe-wood bark and either steeped it or blended it with molasses to be taken as a conditioner … On their way to and from the very wet places, the herb gatherers collected other things. Catnip, in its second bloom, apt to be heavier, and certainly with more and larger leaves … There were tansy, leaves and blooms, yarrow, both the pink and white, and baskets of wild cherry twigs. These last, steeped while yet green, produced a bitter tea … for the appetite, they said.

On the higher, drier land, they gathered pennyroyal, which was always regarded as a “woman’s medicine.”

Somehow the preparation and even the application of herb remedies never appeared to attract any particular attention. It was accepted as a part of life…

Writers & Editors Guide to Proofing

Filed under: Editing — admin @ 3:03 pm
The proofreader’s eyes are often the last to review a document before publication. This then is an introductory level of Words in Transition for editors and editorial novices to the proofreading skill set that is distinct from other editorial functions, and provides hands-on practice in applying those skills in a variety of publishing situations. You can learn how the proofreader (as opposed to the copyeditor) deals with grammar, style, and design issues, and how to use the proofreader’s standard marks, tools, and references effectively.

Words in Transition was designed for editors and writers who want to develop their skills in applying the principles of effective writing to the editing of nonfiction book manuscripts. It focuses on two phases of substantive editing: line editing and developmental editing. These types of editing focus on the art of proposing editorial changes other than those required to correct errors or to achieve a consistent editorial style. You learn how to edit for clarity and concision, how to identify problems of cohesion and coherence (logical flow), and how to refine and invigorate an author’s style.

Editors must have a strong command of English grammar, syntax, and mechanics in order to edit the work of others clearly, confidently, and correctly. This resource provides a practical understanding of grammar and the logic governing syntax and punctuation use. Topics include the basic terminology necessary for analyzing grammar and syntax, sentence structure, verb tenses, punctuation, capitalization, transitions, and word usage.

Diagnostic tests are provided for review purposes, with practical exercises, and quizzes.

Prose Composition A good prose composition, regardless of its length, is purposeful and well organized. In the following essay Harold Krents uses examples from his personal experience to argue for an enlightened understanding of people’s abilities and limitations.

Darkness at Noon

Blind from birth, I have never had the opportunity to see myself and have been completely dependent on the image I create in the eye of the observer. To date it has not been narcissistic.

There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously also cannot hear. Very often people will converse with me at the top of their lungs, enunciating each word very carefully. Conversely, people will also whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either.

For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably go to the phone, call a passenger agent and whisper: “Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “blind” is not used for one of two reasons: either they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’s retina will immediately detach or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.

On the other hand, others know that of course I can hear, but believe that I can’t talk. Often, therefore, when my wife and I go out for dinner, a waiter or waitress will ask Kit if “he would like a drink” to which I respond that “indeed he would.”

This point was graphically driven home to me while we were in England. I had been given a year’s leave of absence from my law firm to study for a diploma in law degree at Oxford University. During the year I became ill and was hospitalized. Immediately after admission, I was wheeled down to the X-ray room. Just at the door sat an elderly woman-elderly I would judge from the sound of her voice. “What is his name?” the woman asked the orderly who had been wheeling me.

“What’s your name?” the orderly repeated to me. “Harold Krents,” I replied.

“Harold Krents,” he repeated.

“When was he born?”

“When were you born?”

“November 5, 1944,” I responded.

“November 5, 1944,” the orderly intoned.

This procedure continued for approximately five minutes at which point even my saint-like disposition deserted me. “Look,” I finally blurted out, “this is absolutely ridiculous. Okay, granted I can’t see, but it’s got to have become pretty clear to both of you that I don’t need an interpreter.”

“He says he doesn’t need an interpreter,” the orderly reported to the woman.

The toughest misconception of all is that because I can’t see, I can’t work. I was turned down by over forty law firms because of my blindness, even though my qualifications included a cum laude degree from my university and a good ranking in my law school class.

The attempt to find employment, the continuous frustration of being told that it was impossible for a blind person to practise law, the rejection letters, not based on my lack of ability but my disability, will always remain one of the most disillusioning experiences of my life.

Fortunately, this view of limitation and exclusion is beginning to change. The federal government has issued regulations that mandate equalemployment opportunities for the handicapped. By and large, the business community’s response to offering employment to the disabled has been enthusiastic.

I therefore look forward to the day, with the expectation that it is certain to come, when employers will view their handicapped workers as a little child did me years ago.

I was playing basketball with my father in our backyard according to procedures we had developed. My father would stand beneath the hoop, shout, and I would shoot over his head at the basket attached to our garage. Our next-door neighbour, aged five, wandered over into our yard with a playmate. “He’s blind,” our neighbour whispered to her friend in a voice that could be heard distinctly by Dad and me. Dad shot and missed; I did the same. Dad hit the rim; I missed entirely. Dad shot and missed the garage entirely. “Which one is blind?” whispered back the little friend.

I would hope that in the near future when a plant manager is touring the factory with the foreman and comes upon a handicapped and nonhandicapped person working together, his comment after watching them work will be, “Which one is disabled?”

From the title, which introduces the writer’s blindness and foreshadows the ironic “blindness” of those around him, to the vivid examples of his frustrations and the hope he has for the future, Krents focuses every element of his essay on his purpose-to argue that since everyone has limitations, we should look at abilities.

Writers like Harold Krents do not rely on luck or inspiration to produce an effective piece of writing. Good writers plan, write, revise, and edit. Keep in mind, however, that the writing process is rarely as simple and straightforward as this. Often the process is recursive, moving back and forth among the four stages. Moreover, writing is very personalno two people go about it exactly the same way. Still, it is possible to describe steps in the writing process and thereby have a reassuring and reliable method for undertaking a writing task and writing a good composition.

Directory Submissions - Pay Per Inclusion

Filed under: Technology — admin @ 3:03 pm
Directories Hey, as long as we’re talking about directories, can we talk about the role of directories, some of whom charge for a reviewer to evaluate them?

Answer: I’ll try to give a few rules of thumb to think about when looking at a directory. When considering submitting to a directory, I’d ask questions like:

  • Does the directory reject urls? If every url passes a review, the directory gets closer to just a list of links or a free-for-all link site.
  • What is the quality of urls in the directory? Suppose a site rejects 25% of submissions, but the urls that are accepted/listed are still quite low-quality or spammy. That doesn’t speak well to the quality of
    the directory.
  • If there is a fee, what’s the purpose of the fee? For a high-quality directory, the fee is primarily for the time/effort for someone to do a genuine evaluation of a url or site.

Those are a few factors I’d consider. If you put on your user hat and ask “Does this seem like a high-quality directory to me?” you can usually get a pretty good sense as well, or ask a few friends for their take on a particular directory.”

Oceanolography in Atlantic Canada

Filed under: Oceanography — admin @ 3:01 pm
Oceanoraphy Oceans Canada aims to educate people about the importance of the Oceans. Feaures vivid pictures, multimedia activities, interesting text, and teaching guides.

Throughout history, the ocean has played an integral role in shaping the identity of Atlantic Canadians. It was the mainstay of the first people on this land, the natives; it brought the first Viking explorers, as well as later adventurers, to our shores; it lured the first Western European settlers here with its rich bounty of fish. Even today, the people of this region use the ocean as a source of transportation, recreation, employment, and food; not to mention as a source of inspiration for our songs, stories, poems, paintings and carvings. If you go to any fishing village along our coastline you will see, hear and taste the impact this rich resource has on our lives. No other force has shaped this region’s culture and people as much as the ocean.

The oceans sector continues to be a great contributor to the economy of Atlantic Canada. Activities such as commercial fishing, oil and gas exploration, tourism, and shipping rely on the ocean directly or indirectly and contribute to our Gross Domestic Product. It is estimated that these activities and other ocean-related industries injected over 3.3 billion dollars into Atlantic Canada’s economy in 1996 alone!

This strong lure of the sea has lead Atlantic Canada to become a leader in oceanography, the study of the oceans. This website is designed to highlight some of the vast research that is taking place, and to introduce the careers of the people involved in this research.

Homemade Beer, Wine, Cider & Mead

Filed under: Home Brewing — admin @ 3:00 pm
Homemade BeerIt is a fact that in an hour or so of your spare time once a week enough beer can be made to last an average drinker a fortnight. A four-gallon lot may be made in any kitchen and it takes only a moment or two to assess how long thirty-two pints of the best will last.

Home made beer is cheap - as has already been pointed out - but this does not mean that it is poor when compared with commercial products. On the contrary, many ales, stouts and such - like bought over the bar leave a lot to be desired. Once you have the easily - acquired skill you can make yours better than the stuff now costing more than it is worth. And you can learn by simple experiment how to make beers of all sorts which will really suit you rather than having to acquire the taste for some commercial product that has come your way owing to the merging of two brewery groups. The skill in making beers comes in learning how to make the very kind of beer you have been looking for. Therefore, I expect you may have to make several lots before you are able to say that ‘this’ is just what you have been looking for and that the recipe you used in the one for you.

This is how skill in home wine making is acquired. Too many novice wine makers make a batch of wine with fruit that has become available without giving a thought to what the wine will be like or whether they will like it or not. The fact that it is wine is all that seems to bother them. This sort of person would go to a wine merchant for a bottle of wine with not the faintest idea of what they wanted apart from it being a bottle of wine. No person with any sense would go into a pub not knowing what he wanted. Clearly, the home brewer must have a pretty good idea of what he wants before he begins and then choose the recipe most likely to produce it. If he does this he will very soon succeed at what must be one of the most interesting and rewarding home hobbies there can be.

No license is needed today and although this is an absolute boon that will make home brewing as popular as home wine making - there being more than half a million wine makers in Britain alone _ some operators who have been making beers without a license for as long as they can remember confess that now they are not breaking the law half the fun has been knocked out of it for them. It would seem that the beer was just that much better because in making it they were breaking the law. I suppose there is something in that, for as a child I remember that apples pinched from other people’s orchards always tasted better than our own.

Specific Gravity
Potential Alcohol by Volume
1.030
2.9
1.040
4.6
1.050
6.0
1.060
7.6
1.070
9.2

Homemade Wine Being able to make beers as strong as you wish should not be encouragement to make them stronger than need be. The amounts of sugar given in the recipes make for good strong beers, that is, beers with a comfortable percentage of alcohol. You can make them weaker or stronger as you wish by altering the amount of sugar accordingly. The table below will show you how much sugar to use to obtain a given percentage of alcohol. But over-strong beers should not be the aim of anybody simply because, if they are made too strong, they become malt and hop wines rather than beer and therefore too strong to be drunk by the pint or even half-pint. It is all very well to acquire a reputation for being able to knock up a knock-out drop, but if your friends are affected by strong beers as many people are - they roll up their sleeves and challenge perfectly innocent bystanders to a punch up - it would be better to make them at roughly the same strength as commercial beers. In any case, the flavor of over-strong beers is spoiled and they are no longer the long, cool, refreshing drinks one looks for in beers, but temper- and hangover-inducing shorts.

You will, naturally, choose the simplest form of beer making to start with; the method calling for the use of malt extract and hop extract. This method is becoming extremely popular amongst beginners and will continue to be so for a very long time with a vast number of home operators simply because the ingredients are ready to use and easy to handle. Very excellent beers are made with these materials which are, in effect, the same as malted barley and dried hops.

However, the more ambitious will want to use grain malt (malted barley) and dried hops, as the commercial brewer does. For this reason, recipes for using either ingredients are included; some calling for malt extract and hops extract; others calling for grain malt and dried hops. Using grain malt (malted barley) and dried hops does make for better beers, but this is a little more expensive. However, the expense - the little there is - should not bar you from going in for making the best possible beers.

Years ago, home wine makers put up with all sorts of disappointing liquors made from all sorts of unsuitable fruits and yeast and fermented them in anything but a fire bucket. Today, they are a fastidious lot insisting on the best ingredients, the best yeast and the most suitable utensils - and so they should. The result of this new outlook has been the complete transformation of the nature and quality of home-made wines. Years ago, hardly any home-made wine was worth drinking; yet today they are absolutely first-class products easily on a par with the best commercial wines.

So let us do as home winemakers have done and learn to make beers as good as those turned out by famous breweries.

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